National Liberation
23 topics
Sicilian Vespers
Charles of Anjou had ruled Sicily harshly since 1266, taxing the island heavily to fund his ambitions against Byzantium. On Easter...
American Revolution
Disputes over taxation and representation after the Seven Years War radicalized colonial politics from Boston to Virginia. Fightin...
Mexican War of Independence
Criollo resentment of peninsular privilege, Enlightenment ideas, and the Napoleonic invasion of Spain in 1808 created the opening....
May Revolution
News that Napoleonic forces had seized Seville and dissolved the Spanish junta destroyed viceregal legitimacy in the River Plate. ...
Latin American Independence Wars
The Napoleonic invasion of Spain in 1808 shattered imperial authority, and juntas formed across Spanish America. Republican experi...
Brazilian Independence
Unlike Spanish America, Brazil avoided mass war because the Portuguese royal family had ruled from Rio de Janeiro since 1808, rais...
Belgian Revolution
The 1815 union of Belgium with the Netherlands had generated grievances over language, religion, and Amsterdam control of commerce...
Greek War of Independence
The Filiki Eteria, a secret society founded in 1814, planned coordinated risings in the Balkans. Alexandros Ypsilantis crossed the...
Indian Independence Movement
The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, evolved from elite petitioning into a mass movement. Gandhi return in 1915 introduc...
Indonesian National Revolution
Nationalist leaders Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared independence two days after the Japanese surrender, on 17 August 1945. Dut...
Turkish War of Independence
The 1920 Treaty of Sevres would have dismembered the Ottoman state, and the Greek landing at Izmir in 1919 ignited national resist...
Egyptian Revolution of 1919
The exile of nationalist leaders Saad Zaghloul and companions after their attempt to petition the Paris Peace Conference ignited s...
Ionian Revolt
The Greek cities on the coast of Asia Minor had been ruled by tyrants backed by the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Encouraged by Arist...
Maccabean Revolt
The Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes outlawed key Jewish practices and rededicated the Temple in Jerusalem to Zeus. The priest...
Dutch Revolt
Heavy taxation, centralization under Philip II, and the persecution of Protestants provoked unrest in the Habsburg Netherlands. Af...
Serbian Revolution
Abuses by renegade janissaries known as the dahije sparked the First Serbian Uprising in 1804 under Karadjordje Petrovic, which wo...
November Uprising
After the partitions of Poland, the Congress Kingdom of Poland was joined to the Russian Empire under the tsar. Violations of its ...
Easter Rising
On Easter Monday, 24 April 1916, members of the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army occupied the General Post Office and o...
Irish War of Independence
After winning most Irish seats in 1918, Sinn Fein members formed their own parliament, Dail Eireann, which declared independence i...
Texas Revolution
American immigrants had settled in Mexican Texas in large numbers, and tensions grew over immigration limits, slavery, and the cen...
Bangladesh Liberation War
The Awami League under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman won a majority in the 1970 Pakistani elections on a platform of autonomy for East Pak...
Arab Revolt
Sharif Hussein bin Ali of Mecca, encouraged by correspondence with the British High Commissioner in Egypt Henry McMahon promising ...
Eritrean War of Independence
Eritrea, a former Italian colony, was federated with Ethiopia in 1952, but Emperor Haile Selassie dissolved the federation and ann...