Anti-Colonial

Saint-Domingue was the richest colony on earth, its plantations worked by half a million enslaved Africans. The ceremony at Bois C...

Grievances over taxation, annexation, and perceived interference in religion had primied the Bengal army. Rifle cartridges rumored...

Nationalist parties, banned after the 1947 electoral crisis, coordinated night attacks on plantations, barracks, and French posts ...

Kikuyu land grievances from decades of white settlement and labor controls radicalized into oath-taking and militancy. The state o...

The FLN launched coordinated attacks on 1 November 1954, All Saints Day. Rural guerrilla brigades under the wilaya system and the ...

The forced cotton regime and land seizures had radicalized the peasantry of the north. The 1961 Baixa de Cassanje revolt and attac...

Eduardo Mondlane united exile movements into FRELIMO in 1962 and launched the war in September 1964 from bases in Tanganyika. As f...

Amilcar Cabral built the PAIGC into the best organized liberation army of the Portuguese colonial wars, opening hostilities in Jan...

Ian Smith unilateral declaration of independence in 1965 locked a few percent of the population into power over the African majori...

Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui, a kuraka who claimed descent from the last Inca ruler, took the name Tupac Amaru II and rose in Novembe...

Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan in 1892 to win independence from Spain. When it was discovered in August 1896, its members ...